Automotive Engine Parts

The power plant of an automobile engine is mainly divided into 2 major mechanisms and 5 major systems. The two major mechanisms are the crank connecting rod mechanism and the valve mechanism. The 5 major system is the fuel supply system, the cooling system, the lubrication system, the ignition system, and the starting system.

Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water temperature meter and water drain switch.

Lubrication system: The engine lubrication system is composed of oil pump, filter collector, oil filter, oil passage, pressure limiting valve, oil gauge, pressure sensing plug and oil dipstick.

Fuel system: Gasoline engine fuel system consists of gasoline tank, gasoline gauge, gasoline pipe, gasoline filter, gasoline pump, carburetor, air filter, intake and exhaust manifold, etc.

Automotive chassis parts

The automobile chassis is mainly composed of 4 parts: transmission system, driving system, steering system and braking system.

Transmission system: It is mainly composed of clutch, transmission, universal joint, transmission shaft and drive axle.

Driving system: It is composed of frame, axle, suspension and wheels.

Steering system: mainly composed of steering wheel, steering shaft, steering column, etc.

Automotive brake system components

The braking system can be divided into service braking system, parking braking system, emergency braking system and auxiliary braking system. Generally, it is composed of two main parts: brake operating mechanism and brake. The brake mainly has two structural types: drum brake and disc brake.

Car body parts

The body of a car and a passenger car is generally an integral structure, and the body of a truck is generally composed of two parts: the cab and the cargo box. Among them, the body structural components include body shells, doors, windows, front sheet metal parts, interior and exterior trim parts and body accessories, seats, and ventilation, heating, air conditioning, air conditioning devices, and so on.

The body shell usually also includes materials and coatings such as sound insulation, heat insulation, anti-vibration, anti-corrosion, and sealing laid on it. Interior trim includes surface finishes such as instrument panels, canopies, side walls, seats, etc., as well as curtains and carpets.

Body accessories mainly include door locks, door hinges, window regulators, various seals, windshield wipers, windshield scrubbers, sun visors, rearview mirrors, handles, cigarette lighters, ashtrays, etc.

Automotive electrical components

Electrical equipment is mainly composed of two parts: power supply and electrical equipment. The power supply includes batteries and generators; electrical equipment includes the starting system of the engine, the ignition system of the gasoline engine and other electrical devices.

1. Water temperature gauge: it is normal for the pointer to reach 90 degrees. Generally, it takes about 5-10 minutes to drive the pointer to 90 degrees. If the water temperature gauge is too high (indicator light alarms), it will cause the water tank to boil, causing the engine to malfunction. If the water temperature is too high or rises too fast, stop and turn off the engine. After the water tank of the vehicle cools down, add mineral water or tap water and restart the vehicle if it is not normal. Contact Road Rescue. Note: because the water temperature is too high prone to water tank spray, do not immediately open the water tank cover. If it needs to be opened urgently, it is recommended to cover the water tank cover with a wet towel and unscrew it to the left.

2. Fuel gauge: F is full of oil and E is insufficient of oil; Note: 1. After the fuel tank alarms, you can generally run 40-50 kilometers. 2. It is recommended that the fuel tank should not be lower than 1/3 for a long time, otherwise the gasoline pump is easily damaged and worn.

3. Speed/odometer: It is a comprehensive instrument used to indicate the instantaneous speed of the vehicle and record the cumulative mileage and short-range mileage of the vehicle

4. Wiper: There is a switch on the right hand side under the steering wheel. Turn it in light rain and turn it twice in heavy rain; (The wiper switch may have different positions according to the actual vehicle)

5. Rearview mirror: left and right sides, the left and right standards are: the body accounts for 1/4 of the rearview mirror, and the upper and lower standards are: the horizon is 1/2. Rearview mirror standard: to put the rear glass frame into the mirror as the standard; (the actual situation shall prevail in the teaching process)

6. Correct grip and operation of the steering wheel: fake the steering wheel as a clock dial, with the left hand at 9 o'clock and the right hand at 3 o'clock. This is the correct grip. Steering: When turning to the left, the right hand pushes the steering wheel to the left to the position of 9~10 o'clock, and the left hand grasps the steering wheel from the top of the right arm to the position of 2~3 o'clock. When the steering angle is large, repeat the above operation; When turning to the right, the left hand pushes the steering wheel to the position of 3~4 o'clock, and the right hand grasps the steering wheel from the top of the left arm to the position of 9~10 o'clock, when the steering angle is large.

7. The six major parts of the car are: clutch pedal, brake pedal, steering wheel, fuel pedal (accelerator), shift joystick (gear) and parking brake (handbrake) are the six major operating mechanisms of the car

8. Action and sequence of getting on the car: face the door, head to the right, observe the traffic situation again, open the door with your left hand, first open the door about 10cm away from the body, and then fully open the car after confirming safety. Put your left hand on the door handle, hold the steering wheel with your right hand, step into the cab with your right foot, and then follow the waist and upper body in, sitting on the driver's seat, closing the door with your left foot. When the door is closed to about 10cm away from the body, make sure that the door is closed, and be sure to lock the door latch with your right hand.

Getting off the car action and sequence When: When we need to get off the car, we must stop the car, turn off the engine, tighten the parking brake (handbrake), and put the shift lever in neutral. Before getting off the car, we should first observe the road traffic situation at the left rear of the vehicle through the inside and outside rearview mirrors, and observe the left side head to make sure that there are no vehicles or pedestrians approaching the front and rear, and prepare to open the door. When opening the door, observe the rear, first open the door about 10cm, make sure it is safe, then open the door to get off. After getting off the car, close the door in time, first close the door until the door is about 10cm close to the body, and then close the door hard

9. Correct operation of parking positions for different models of manual and automatic transmission: step on the clutch and brake to put the gear lever into neutral, pull up the handbrake, and turn off the car. When parking in automatic gear, first step on the brake, stop the car and put it into N gear, then pull the handbrake, and put the gear into P gear after turning off.

10. Check before getting on the car: You must go around the car for a week to check for water leakage and oil leakage, and then check whether the tire pressure is normal. Open the engine hood and take out the oil gauge to check the scale to determine whether the oil quantity is normal.

1, the use of appropriate quality grade of lubricating oil. For gasoline engines, SD-SF grade gasoline engine oil should be selected according to the additional devices and operating conditions of the intake and exhaust system; for diesel engines, CB-CD grade diesel engine oil should be selected according to the mechanical load, and the selection standard should not be lower than the manufacturer's requirements.

2. Maintenance of three filters: three filters refer to air filters, oil filters and gasoline filters. The three filters filter air, oil and gasoline on the car engine, thereby protecting the engine and improving the working efficiency of the engine.

3. Regularly replace the oil and filter element. Any quality grade of lubricating oil in the use of the process of oil quality will change, in order to avoid the occurrence of failure, should be combined with the conditions of use of regular oil change, and the amount of oil is moderate (generally to the upper limit of the oil scale is better).

4. Clean the crankcase regularly. When the engine is running, the high-pressure unburned gas, acid, moisture, sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber enter the crankcase through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, and mix with the metal powder produced by the wear of the parts. Form sludge. Therefore, the crankcase should be cleaned regularly to keep the engine clean.

5, engine water tank rust, scaling is the most common problem. Rust and scale will restrict the flow of coolant in the cooling system, reduce heat dissipation, cause the engine to overheat, and even cause engine damage. Therefore, clean the water tank regularly to remove the rust and scale.

6. Regularly clean the fuel system and control the generation of carbon deposits to keep the engine in its best condition.

7. Keep the crankcase well ventilated. Now most gasoline engines are equipped with PCV valve (crankcase forced ventilation device), but the pollutants in the blow-by gas will be deposited around the PCV valve, which may block the valve. Therefore, the contamination around the PCV valve must be periodically removed.